2014-01-28
首先說一句：想完全照官方說明安裝於 CentOS 6.5 x64 上安裝 mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz，會有問題。
參考
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/installing-source-distribution.html
下面為切換 su 在 /root 目錄下安裝情況
wget 若沒安裝可用 yum -y install wget 安裝
mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz 請自行下載
http://www.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/#downloads
(下拉選單選 Source Code，到最後一個)
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.old
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses* cmake bison
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.6.15
cmake .
make
make install
cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql .
chgrp -R mysql .
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql data
bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
編譯可能發生問題
照官方這篇，沒有提到需要 ncurses* 套件，但是需要
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/source-installation.html
在 cmake 過程，如果出現類似下面錯誤，請執行 rm -fr /usr/local/mysql-5.6.15 把整個目錄砍掉
重新解壓 mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz，重新執行 cmake
( 一般若需要的套件沒先用 yum 安裝，而在 cmake 後才安裝會發生)
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.15]# cmake .
....(略)
CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake/Modules/TestBigEndian.cmake:31 (MESSAGE):
no suitable type found
Call Stack (most recent call first):
configure.cmake:626 (TEST_BIG_ENDIAN)
CMakeLists.txt:390 (INCLUDE)
-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.15]#
起動可能發生問題
起動 mysql 可能出現下面問題，一執行馬上就結束
[root@localhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[1] 18853
[root@localhost mysql]# 140128 16:33:11 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
140128 16:33:11 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
140128 16:33:12 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
[1]+ Done /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
[root@localhost mysql]#
檢查 Log 的錯誤
[root@localhost mysql]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep ERROR
2014-01-29 11:43:00 17103 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
2014-01-29 11:43:02 17103 [ERROR] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Can't create/write to file '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid' (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)
2014-01-29 11:43:02 17103 [ERROR] Can't start server: can't create PID file: No such file or directory
[root@localhost mysql]#
照 log 要求執行 mysql_upgrade 會失敗
[root@localhost mysql]# find / -name mysql_upgrade
/root/mysql-5.6.15/client/mysql_upgrade
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_upgrade
[root@localhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_upgrade
Looking for 'mysql' as: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlcheck
FATAL ERROR: Upgrade failed
[root@localhost mysql]#
***************************************
開始研究問題
安裝過程中，其中 scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql 會在 /usr/local/mysql/data 目錄建立一些資料庫檔案
[root@centos1 mysql]# ls -al /var/lib/mysql
ls: cannot access /var/lib/mysql: No such file or directory
[root@centos1 mysql]# ls -al /usr/local/mysql/data
total 110612drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 29 13:04 .
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root mysql 4096 Jan 29 13:04 ..
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jan 29 13:04 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jan 29 13:04 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jan 29 13:04 ib_logfile1
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 29 13:04 mysql
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 29 13:04 performance_schema
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 29 13:02 test
[root@centos1 mysql]#
系統中發現有兩個 my.cnf
[root@centos1 mysql]# ls -al /etc/my.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 251 Nov 23 07:52 /etc/my.cnf
[root@centos1 mysql]# ls -al /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 943 Jan 29 13:04 /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
另外找機器安裝 CentOS 6.5 x64，發現尚未用 yum 安裝 mysql 或用 mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz 安裝 MySQL， /etc/my.cnf 就已經存在，內容如下
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
[root@localhost ~]#
這個 /etc/my.cnf 會有甚麼問題呢 ? 如果 mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz 安裝後，執行 bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &，它會參考 /etc/my.cnf，發現 datadir=/var/lib/mysql ，但目錄不存在，它會建立目錄，建立預設資料庫
[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /usr/local/mysql/data
total 110612
drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 29 11:40 .
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root mysql 4096 Jan 29 11:41 ..
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jan 29 11:40 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jan 29 11:40 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jan 29 11:40 ib_logfile1
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 29 11:40 mysql
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 29 11:40 performance_schema
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 29 11:38 test
[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /var/lib/mysql
total 110604
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql root 4096 Jan 29 11:43 .
drwxr-xr-x. 39 root root 4096 Jan 29 11:43 ..
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 56 Jan 29 11:43 auto.cnf
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jan 29 11:43 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jan 29 11:43 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jan 29 11:43 ib_logfile1
srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 0 Jan 29 11:43 mysql.sock
mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz 安裝的 my.cnf 幾乎是註解，如下
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
[root@localhost ~]#
所以舊 /etc/my.cnf 可以留做參考，建議把它改名留下，把 mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz 安裝時產生的 /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf 拷貝過去
[root@centos1 mysql]# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.old
[root@centos1 mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@centos1 mysql]# rm -fr /var/lib/mysql
啟動 MySQL 可用
或
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysql.server start
檢查一下
[root@localhost mysql]# ps aux | grep mysql
root 18263 0.0 0.1 106192 1528 pts/1 S 16:25 0:00 /bin/sh bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
mysql 18355 3.4 44.2 1007644 448204 pts/1 Sl 16:25 0:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.pid
root 18379 0.0 0.0 103244 864 pts/1 S+ 16:25 0:00 grep mysql
[root@localhost mysql]#
停止 MySQL
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysql.server stop
或把 Process ID 用 kill -9 砍掉
[root@localhost mysql]# kill -9 18263 18355
(完)
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